What Was the Original Beef Cattle in Ireland
General elements
Agriculture, and more than specifically cattle breeding, is important for the Irish economy. Republic of ireland was the 6th European producer with 588.four thousand T cwe of beef in 2016. It is 1 of the few European countries (alongside Spain and Poland) with an upward trend in beef production since 1980 (+30%). The production increased by and large between the 1980s and 2000s and has only increased past ii% since 2000 (figure 37).
Ireland produced 7.54% of the Eu beef production in 2016. Steers, slaughtered betwixt 24 and thirty month old (GEB-IDELE 2013b), remains the main product in 2016 despite a decreased by 25% since 2000 (steers accounted for 53% of slaughters in 2000 vs. 38% in 2016) (figure 38). It has gradually been replaced by young bulls (3.8% of slaughters in 2000 vs. fifteen% in 2016) (Eurostat 2017). Young bulls have a improve profitability due to a shorter cycle of product (young bulls beingness slaughtered at 18mo) and a fattening diet based on pasture grass with concentrate complementation. The share of females in slaughters has remained stable with 28% of heifers and 19% of cull cows. Heifers are fattened on diets based on pasture grass without complementation.
Foreign exchanges in Republic of ireland
The iv.8 one thousand thousand inhabitant of Ireland in 2016 consumed 19 kg cwe each (FranceAgriMer 2017). Thus, most of the Irish beef production is exported: in 2016, it represented 93% of the product with 548.six T cwe (+twenty% since 2009) (figure 39) mainly towards the United Kingdom (55%, French republic (11%) and holland (ix%) (figure xl). Therefore, Ireland is the outset European exporter (earlier Poland and Germany) and the 5thursday largest exporter in the world.
The increment in exports can be linked to the Irish gaelic government'southward plans: Food Harvest 2020 and Nutrient Wise 2025.Irish agricultural strategy now focus on "high quality" meat on the EU beef market with grass based product from Anglo-Saxon breeds, as intended by the Origin Green program. All those programs aims to increasing Irish agricultural productions and exports and to promoting Irish products worldwide besides as ensuring farms durability (economic, environmental,…).
Alive exports is marginal in Ireland with 91 500 heads exported in 2016, excluding animals for breeding, and has experienced a decreased by 60% since 2010.
Irish gaelic imports are very low with only 32.5 thousands T cwe of beef and five,600 live animals in 2016 (FranceAgriMer 2017).
Typology of Irish gaelic herd
Ireland benefits from its oceanic climate and plentiful precipitation throughout the year allowing for a long grass-growing season from February to the end of November with on boilerplate 15 T of dry thing per hectare (vs. 11 T of dry out thing on boilerplate in the EU). As grass accounts for fourscore% of the Irish utilized agricultural area (vs. 40% in average in the EU), its production systems diet are grass based (Walsh 2016) (Effigy 41).
With 6.6 million heads (+13.5% since 1980), Ireland owns the 4thursday European cattle herd (figure 42). The dairy herd held near 1.3 million dairy cows while the suckling herd has slightly more than 1 million beef cows. The specialized beef herd has been multiplied past two.vi% between 1980s and 1990s but has decreased by 13% since the late 1990s.
The dairy herd has experienced a structural decreased until 2010. The government driven rise of 30% since 2010 was in anticipation of the 2015 ending of milk quotas. The dairy cattle herd is mainly located in the s (70%) while the suckling herd is located in the due north-west with less favorable climatic conditions (figure 44 and 45).
Almost 90% of the eighteen 000 Irish gaelic dairy farms are specialized for milk production and 75% of dairy cows are owned by farms with more than l cows. Calving occurs at the end of winter, start of leap in gild to take reward of the grass growth during early on lactation. In 2013, 95% of the dairy cows were from Holstein breeds. Nonetheless, cross-convenance is frequent with almost 1/three of the dairy cows inseminated with beef breads (GEB-IDELE 2013b).
78,000 of the 79,000 beefiness farms are specialized and held 79% of the suckling cows also equally 61% of males between 1 and 2 yo and 72% of males over 2 yo. In 2013, the boilerplate farm owned 31 LU on 28 ha, with 46% of the farms owning less than xx ha and only 12% with more than than 50 ha (GEB-IDELE 2013b).
According to the Animal Identification and Movement (AIM) base, 25% of replacement heifers for the suckling herd are beefiness / dairy crossbreeds from dairy farms. Amid the remaining replacement heifers, 61% are crossbreeds between different beef breeds.
Unlike types of product systems from the suckling herd were classified by Walsh (2016):
- Cow-dogie systems producing weanlings sold at 8mo;
- Cow-calf systems producing weanlings sold at 1.5yo;
- Breeder – fattener systems;
- Fatteners;
- Mixed systems;
- Meat producers from dairy herds.
The 5 master brood used for the suckling herd are: Charolaise, Angus, Limousine, Hereford and Simmental (Walsh 2016).
Source: https://www6.inrae.fr/sustainbeef/Project/WP2.1-Description-of-beef-production-systems/WP2.1.1-Beef-production-national-statistics/Beef-production-in-Ireland
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